When a user enters Exago BI, the application creates a session in order to preserve the user's working state and environment while they engage with it. The session information is stored on the web application server or state server (depending on the network configuration).

Whenever requests are made the user's browser sends a unique, randomly generated ID to the web server in order to authenticate the user and preserve the connection between user and session.

By default, this session ID is stored as a browser cookie. However, when embedding Exago BI in a cross-origin environment (where the Exago server and host application are referred to by different protocols, domains or ports) cookies are considered a potential attack vector for cross-site scripting. Most modern web browsers prevent embedded content from separate origins from using cookies without additional configuration to explicitly allow this behavior safely.

Consider these three scenarios for embedding Exago in a host application:

• Exago and Host Application are referenced by the same origin (not covered by this article)
• Exago and Host Application are referenced by different origins, using Cross-Origin Resource Sharing with cookies (recommended)
• Exago and Host Application are referenced by different origins, using cookieless sessions (not recommended)

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) with Cookies

Important

When using cookies, Exago must be accessed via HTTPS in a CORS environment.

If the Exago BI application is being accessed over a network, the Exago web server must be configured to allow cross-origin requests from the embedding host application.

By default, a web application making a request for content that originates from a remote server sends a cross-origin HTTP request. For security reasons, browsers restrict these types of requests when they originate from scripts.

Important

When using the JavaScript API with versions prior to v2019.1.23, v2019.2.9 and v2020.1.0 in a CORS environment, cookieless sessions must be used.

To permit content to be accessed by whitelisted resources, you can configure the Exago web server to send a Access-Control-Allow-Origin and Access-Control-Allow-Credentials headers to the calling server.

pre-v2019.2.29, v2020.1.13, v2021.1.1

Access-Control-Allow-Origin should be set to a single domain that matches the domain of the page in which Exago is embedded. For example:

Access-Control-Allow-Origin: hostapp.server.com
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

In IIS, this is either set in the HTTP Response Headers or added manually to the web.config file.

In Apache, the following lines should be added to all relevant .conf files:

Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "hostapp.server.com"
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: "true"

In NGINX, the following line should be added inside the location /Exago/ {...} section of the "exago" NGINX site configuration file:

add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' 'hostapp.server.com';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'

Cookieless Sessions

Enable Cookieless Sessions

Note

This article references <WebApp>\as a placeholder for the application's install location. The default install locations are /opt/Exago/ on Linux and C:\Program Files\Exago\ExagoWeb\ on Windows; however, these directories may be changed during installation.

To enable cookieless sessions, locate the following line in the <WebApp>\web.config file and set the cookieless attribute to true:

<sessionState mode="InProc" cookieless="true" timeout="20" />

Cookieless sessions work to preserve state by appending the session ID to the URL string itself, which is used to connect to the web server. For example, a standard application URL generated by the server API after creating a session looks similar to the following:

//ExagoBI/ExagoHome.aspx?sn=0

With cookieless sessions enabled, the session ID is added to the URL, for example:

//ExagoBI/(S(rim43x0e3cz2hf4sjw24ezdk))/ExagoHome.aspx?sn=0

This has no direct implications for the embedding process into the host application.

Important

In Linux environments, a patched System.Web.dll Mono library is necessary when using cookieless sessions. This patched DLL is installed when the Exago Linux Installer is executed, or it can be installed using our patch script. Exago only supports specific versions of Mono, review Installing Exago on Linux for details.

Secured Authentication

When the web application server is exposed to the internet or any insecure public network or intranet, you need to enable secured authentication to prevent unauthorized access.

Because the session ID is passed as a part of the URL, it can be used by malicious third parties to send unauthorized requests to the web server. Secured authentication causes the web server to require a secondary security token in order to authenticate the session. This does not require any additional effort on the part of the end-user.

To enable secured authentication, edit the <WebApp>\appSettings.config file and add the following line:

<add key="useSecurityToken" value="True" />

The server API generates a security token with the session and embeds it into the page markup. It is sent with every client request as a part of the payload. When using a secured connection, the payload is encrypted, thus making it nearly impossible for a malicious party to derive the token.

Caution

Unsecured connections will compromise any security intended by the use of secured authentication. If the payload is unencrypted, the token can be easily intercepted by a third party. The web server must enforce HTTPS in order for secured authentication to function properly.

Additional Resources

Review these third-party resources for additional background information on the topics presented in this article.

• Mozilla Developer Network: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)
• IBM: Prevent a cross-site scripting attack